Friday, 27 July 2018

Details about AWR and its AWR Analysis



·        AWR Report And Its Analysis

Oracle have provided many performance gathering and reporting tools over the years. Originally the UTLBSTAT/UTLESTAT scripts were used to monitor performance metrics. Oracle8i introduced the Statspack functionality which Oracle9i extended. In Oracle 10g statspack has evolved into the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR).

AWR Features

The AWR is used to collect performance statistics including:
·     Wait events used to identify performance problems.
·     Time model statistics indicating the amount of DB time associated with a process
from the V$SESS_TIME_MODEL and V$SYS_TIME_MODEL views.
·     Active Session History (ASH) statistics from the V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY view.
·     Some system and session statistics from the V$SYSSTAT and V$SESSTAT views.
·     Object usage statistics.
·     Resource intensive SQL statements.

Workload Repository Views

The following workload repository views are available:
·      V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY - Displays the active session history (ASH) sampled every second.
·      V$METRIC - Displays metric information.
·      V$METRICNAME - Displays the metrics associated with each metric group.
·      V$METRIC_HISTORY - Displays historical metrics.
·      V$METRICGROUP - Displays all metrics groups.
·      DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY - Displays the history contents of the active session history.
·      DBA_HIST_BASELINE - Displays baseline information.
·      DBA_HIST_DATABASE_INSTANCE - Displays database environment information.
·      DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT - Displays snapshot information.
·      DBA_HIST_SQL_PLAN - Displays SQL execution plans.
·      DBA_HIST_WR_CONTROL - Displays AWR settings.

Workload Repository Reports

Oracle provide two scripts to produce workload repository reports (awrrpt.sql and awrrpti.sql). They are similar in format to the statspack reports and give the option of HTML or plain text formats. The two reports give essential the same output but the awrrpti.sql allows you to select a single instance. The reports can be generated as follows.
AWR report can be generated upon setting the parameter is called statistics_level=typical or all, If set to basic it will be disabled.
 We can get the value like below.
SQL> show parameter statistics_l

NAME                                                     TYPE               VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
statistics_level                        string              TYPICAL
SQL>
  1. Snapshots
Snapshots are sets of historical data for specific time periods that are used for performance comparisons by ADDM. By default, Oracle Database automatically generates snapshots of the performance data once every hour and retains the statistics in the workload repository for 8 days. You can also manually create snapshots, but this is usually not necessary. The data in the snapshot interval is then analyzed by the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
  1. Managing Snapshots:-
By default, Oracle Database generates snapshots once every hour, and retains the statistics in the workload repository for 8 days. When necessary, you can use  DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY procedures to manually create, drop, and modify the snapshots. To invoke these procedures, a user must be granted the DBA role.
2.1.         Creating Snapshots :- You can manually create snapshots with the CREATE_SNAPSHOT procedure to capture statistics at times different than those of the automatically generated snapshots. For example:
BEGIN
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.CREATE_SNAPSHOT ();
END;
/
2.2.         Dropping Snapshots:- You can drop a range of snapshots using the DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE procedure. To view a list of the snapshot IDs along with database IDs, check the DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT view. For example, you can drop the following range of snapshots:
BEGIN
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE (low_snap_id => ,
high_snap_id => , dbid =>);
END;
/
2.3.         Modifying Snapshot Settings:-  You can adjust the interval, retention, and captured Top SQL of snapshot generation for a specified database ID, but note that this can affect the precision of the Oracle Database diagnostic tools. The INTERVAL setting affects how often the database automatically generates snapshots. The RETENTION setting affects how long the database stores snapshots in the workload repository. The TOPNSQL setting affects the number of Top SQL to flush for each SQL criteria (Elapsed Time, CPU Time, Parse Calls, sharable Memory, and Version Count). The value for this setting is not affected by the statistics/flush level and will override the system default behavior for the AWR SQL collection. It is possible to set the value for this setting to MAXIMUM to capture the complete set of SQL in the shared SQL area, though by doing so (or by setting the value to a very high number) may lead to possible space and performance issues because there will more data to collect and store. To adjust the settings, use the MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS procedure. For example:
               BEGIN
                DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS( retention => 43200,
interval => 30, topnsql => 100, dbid => 3310949047);
END;
/


  1. Generate AWR report:-
               The awrrpt.sql SQL script generates an HTML or text report that displays statistics for a range of snapshot IDs.
               Below is the example.
               Generating an Oracle RAC AWR Report:-
The awrgrpt.sql SQL script generates an HTML or text report that displays statistics for a range of snapshot IDs using the current database identifier and all available database instances in an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) environment.
Generate a report for specific Instance.
The awrrpti.sql SQL script generates an HTML or text report that displays statistics for a range of snapshot IDs using a specific database and instance. This script enables you to specify a database identifier and instance for which the AWR report will be generated.
Details AWR Analysis Concept      
The AWR report contains a significant amount of information which helps to focus on certain areas to get started.
AWR sample information at particular times. The AWR default sample is every 60 minutes.
By default, Oracle Database automatically generates snapshots once every hour.
Checklist
1) Review Overall picture from AWR header information
2) Check Host and Instance CPU to determine the proportion of CPU usage by this instance
3) Check the Load profile to use later in the context of the top waits
4 )Examine Top 5 Timed Events for highest resource users
Checklist Detail
This checklist steps through the recommended areas to investigate when presented with an AWR report. It does not assume
that you have any information other than the database is performing slowly and what is contained in the AWR output.
             Review Overall picture from AWR header information
The header section contains useful information that can help set the context of the report you are looking at.
For example, the report contains a number of sections that quote specific counts of various statistics.
 Without a timescale, these numbers are meaningless.
o             Release
Depending on the problem, the database version may be important. If the version is old or is not the latest patchset release then the most up to date fixes may not be applied which has the potential to open the database up to issues.
o             RAC
If the database is running in a Real Application Cluster configuration then you may need to look at information from the other instances to get a full picture of the database performance
o             Platform
There may be platform specific issues that have a bearing on the system
o             CPUs/Cores
In a multi-processor environment, the "wall clock" time is not necessarily a good indicator of how much work the database can do since multiple operations can be pursued simultaneously. You can use cores for an indication of how much CPU work can likely be done at once.
o             Snap Time
The Snap time shows the times for the starting and ending snapshots for the report period. Does this cover the time of problem that is being encountered?
o             Elapsed time
The elapsed time indicates the duration of the report between the 2 selected snapshots. Any other duration figures can be compared back to this. When looking at this figure, is the duration reasonable? If the duration is too short then important information may be missed. If it is too long then findings may be diluted. A 30-60 minute reporting period is usually recommended. In terms of AWR snapshots, as much as possible snapshots should be minimum 10 minutes, maximum 30 minutes.
o             DB time
The DB Time is the time spent in the database for the period of the report. If this is significantly higher than the Elapsed time then this is a good indicator of a heavily loaded system. Remember that on a multi-processor system, you might expect the DB Time to be able to exceed the elapsed time. Additionally, the db time includes the time waiting for the CPU to become available, so this number can be higher than the Elapsed time X Cores.
In the example above, the numbers say that the database worked for 2193 minutes in 15 minutes of elapsed time. Whether that is an indication of a problem depends on the capacity and concurrency capabilities of the system. Looking at the numbers, 2193:15 is a ratio of 146:1, so, in this case, if they had significantly less than 146 cpus it is likely that there is some overloading issues.  Remember that the user perception is also a significant factor in whether there is a "performance issue" - if the system delivers what the users want then there might not be a problem!
o             Sessions
You can use the sessions information along with the DB time to give an average amount of DB time per session. Are there a large number or a small number of connections?
             Check Host and Instance CPU to determine the proportion of CPU usage by this instance
Another important area to look at before going to the detail of the top wait events is the Host and Instance CPU sections.
These provide information regarding how much load there is on the underlying operating system and also how much of it is attributable to the instance in the AWR report. If the system is heavily loaded, then the performance of the database itself may be affected by the external contention. In these cases, look to see how much of the total CPU usage is being caused by this instance. In this case, 92.4% of the Total CPU can be attributed to the instance, which would tend to indicate that improving the instance performance is likely to improve the overall performance. If the instance was only responsible for a small proportion of the overall CPU, it may be that the problem lies elsewhere.
             Check the Load profile to use later in the context of the top waits
The load profile section can provide you with a more detailed impression of where the database is loaded. Information is provided "Per Second" and "Per Transaction" for most statistics and also "Per Exec" and "Per Call" for DB Time and CPU.
Suggested interpretations:
o             DB CPU(s)
The DB CPU(s) figure shows the amount of the CPU being used by the database. You can use this alongside the actual number of cores to give you an idea of how much of the total available machine CPU is actually being used by this instance.
o             DB Time(s) Here the "Per Second" information gives you another version of the total DB time used, just in this case expressed as every second as opposed to the full elapsed period.
Other statistics should be looked at within the context of the overall elapsed time and also in the context of the top waits, once you have looked at these later. For example:
o             Top events indicate library cache or cursor contention
In this case it would be sensible to look at the load in terms of Parse and Hard Parse statistics. The number of parses per execution could also be a relevant indicator
o             Top events are related to reading of blocks
In this case, do we see mainly physical or logical reads? If it is physical then are the explain plans for top queries such as to encourage more logical reads?
At this point you may also want to look at the Instance Efficiency Percentages to see if these bear out the findings from the above:
Looking at these in the context of a specific wait is far more beneficial than attempting to reach 100%. If the bottleneck is elsewhere, attempting to change individual statistics will have little or no impact on the overall system. For example, in the Instance Efficiency Percentages above, the "Buffer Hit %" is 99.88%. If there is no contention for buffers and no waits for buffers, then what is the benefit in making changes to try to improve this number? 
You should also look at the numbers in the context of the other numbers. For example, in the case above, let us say that there is a performance issue and the top timed events showed that CPU usage was a significant resource. Looking at the "Parse CPU to Parse Elapsd %" alone, this says that 26.87% of the total parse time is CPU and maybe you would prefer a lower percentage (although 26% seems quite reasonable).  Since the:  "% Non-Parse CPU" is 98.07% this means that only 1.03% of the total CPU usage is parsing, so even if you reduced that 26.87% to the impossible value of zero then you would only gain 1% extra CPU overall. It is likely that you would need to look elsewhere for the cause of your CPU resource issue.
             Examine Top 5 Timed Events for highest resource users
Once you have looked at the background information, the Top 5 Timed Events section is the place to start in order to tell what is taking up the largest proportion of the database time. Based upon the general feeling for the system, the top resource users are put in context and can be investigated to determine a root cause. This topic is covered in more detail in the following article:
Interpretation
This document provides guidance on some background information to bear in mind when examining the detail of this section that can help by framing the context of the problem.Since we are looking at a performance issue, our primary concern is what the database is waiting for.When processes wait, they are being prevented from doing an activity because of some other factor. High waits provide the highest benefit when wait times are reduced and as such are a good focus.
The Top Wait information provides such information and allows us to focus on the main problem areas without wasting time investigating areas that are not causing significant delay.
             Top 5 Timed Events
As mentioned, the Top waits section is the most important single section in the whole report being as it quantifies and allows comparison of the primary diagnostic: what each session is waiting for. An example output is provided below:
Top 5 Timed Events                                         Avg %Total
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                        wait   Call
Event                                 Waits    Time (s)   (ms)   Time Wait Class
------------------------------ ------------ ----------- ------ ------ ----------
db file scattered read           10,152,564      81,327      8   29.6   User I/O
db file sequential read          10,327,231      75,878      7   27.6   User I/O
CPU time                                         56,207          20.5
read by other session             4,397,330      33,455      8   12.2   User I/O
PX Deq Credit: send blkd             31,398      26,576    846    9.7      Other
-------------------------------------------------------------
The Top 5 Waits section reports on a number of useful topics related to Events. It records the number of waits encountered in the period and the total time spent waiting together with the average time waited for each event. The section is ordered by the %age of the total call time that each Event is responsible for.Dependent on what is seen in this section, other report sections may need to be referenced in order to quantify or check the findings. For example, the wait count for a particular event needs to be assessed based upon the duration of the reporting period and also the number of users on the database at the time; 10 Million waits in 10 minutes is far more significant than 10 Million in 10 hours, or if shared among 10 users as opposed to 10,000.
In this example report, almost 60% of the time is spent waiting for I/O related reads.
o             Event 'db file scattered read ' is typically used when fetching blocks for a full table scan index fast full scan and performs multi-block IO.
o             Event 'db file sequential read'  is a single block read and is typically engaged for any activity where  multi-block IO is unavailable (for example index reads).
Another 20% of the time is spent waiting for or using CPU time. High CPU usage is often a symptom of poorly tuned SQL (or at least SQL which has potential to take less resource) of which excessive I/O can also be a symptom. More on CPU usage follows later.
Based on this, we would investigate whether these waits indicate a problem or not. If so, resolve the problem, if not, move on to the next wait to determine if that is a potential cause.
There are 2 main reasons why I/O related waits are going to be top of the waits:
o             The database is doing lots of reads
o             The individual reads are slow
The Top 5 events show us information that helps us here :
o             Is the database doing lots of reads?:
The section shows > 10 Million reads for each of these events in the period.
Whether this is a lot depends on whether the report duration is 1 hour or 1 minute.
Check the report duration to asses this.
If the reads do seem excessive, then why would the database do a lot of reads?
The database only reads data because the execution of SQL statements has instructed it to do so.
 To investigate further refer to the SQL Statistics Section.
o             Are the individual reads slow?
The section shows waits of <=8 ms for the 2 I/O related events.
Whether this is fast or slow is dependent on the hardware underlying the I/O subsystem, but typically anything under 20 ms is acceptable.
If the I/O was slow, then you can get further information from the 'Tablespace IO Stats ' section:
o             Tablespace IO Stats                       DB/Inst: VMWREP/VMWREP  Snaps: 1-15
o             -> ordered by IOs (Reads + Writes) desc
o             Tablespace
o             ------------------------------
o             Av      Av     Av                       Av     Buffer Av Buf
            Reads Reads/s Rd(ms) Blks/Rd       Writes Writes/s      Waits Wt(ms)
o             -------------- ------- ------ ------- ------------ -------- ---------- ------
o             TS_TX_DATA
o             14,246,367     283    7.6     4.6  145,263,880    2,883  3,844,161    8.3
o             USER
o             204,834       4   10.7     1.0   17,849,021      354     15,249    9.8
o             UNDOTS1
o             19,725       0    3.0     1.0   10,064,086      200      1,964    4.9
o             AE_TS
o             4,287,567      85    5.4     6.7          932        0    465,793    3.7
o             TEMP
o             2,022,883      40    0.0     5.8      878,049       17          0    0.0
o             UNDOTS3
o             1,310,493      26    4.6     1.0      941,675       19         43    0.0
o             TS_TX_IDX
o             1,884,478      37    7.3     1.0       23,695        0     73,703    8.3
o             SYSAUX
o             346,094       7    5.6     3.9      112,744        2          0    0.0
o             SYSTEM
101,771       2    7.9     3.5       25,098        0        653    2.7

Specifically, look for the timing under Rd(ms).  If it is higher than 20 milliseconds per read and reads are high, then you may want to start investigating a potential I/O bottleneck from the os.
NOTE: You should ignore relatively idle tablespaces/files as you can get high values due to disk spin-up etc. which are not relevant. If you have an issue with 10 million reads being slow it is unlikely that a tablespace/file with 10 reads has caused the problem!
Although high waits for 'db file scattered read' and 'db file sequential read' can be I/O related, it is actually more common to find that these waits are relatively 'normal' based on the SQL that the database is being asked to run. In fact, on a well tuned database, you would want these events to be top of the waits, since that would mean that no 'problem' events were there instead!
The trick is being able to assess whether the high waits is indicative of some SQL statements are not using optimal paths (as mentioned earlier) or otherwise.  If there are high waits for 'db file scattered read', then SQL may not be using optimal access paths and so are tending to do Full Table Scans as opposed to  indexes (or there may be missing indexes or not optimal indexes).  Furthermore, high waits for 'db file sequential read' may indicate SQL statements are using unselective indexes and there for reading more index blocks than necessary or using the wrong indexes.  So these waits may point to poor execution plans for SQL(s). 
In either case, the next step would be to check the top resource consuming SQL(s) from the AWR report to determine whether these look excessive or whether improvements can be made.
As mentioned, 20% of the time is spent waiting for or using CPU time. This should also be looked at when looking at the SQL Statistics.
Remember that the next step to take following the Top 5 Waits is dependent upon the findings within that section. In the example above, 3 of the waits point towards potentially Sub-optimal SQL so that should be the section investigated next.
Equally, if you do not see any latch waits, then latches are not causing a significant problem on your instance and so you do not need to investigate latch waits further.
Generally, if the database is slow, and the Top 5 timed events include "CPU" and "db file sequential read" and "db file scattered read" in any order, then it is usually worth jumping to the Top SQL (by logical and physical reads) section of an AWR report and calling the SQL Tuning Advisor on them (or tune them manually) just to make sure that they are running efficiently.
             SQL Statistics
AWR Reports show a number of different SQL statistics:
The different SQL statistic sub sections should be examined based upon the Top Wait events seen in the Top 5 Section. 
In our example, we saw top waits as 'db file scattered read' , 'db file sequential read' and CPU. For these, we are most interested in  SQL ordered by CPU Time, Gets and Reads.  These sections actually duplicate some information adding other specifics as appropriate to the topic.
Often looking at 'SQL ordered by gets' is a convenient stating point as statements with high buffer gets are usually good candidates for tuning :
SQL ordered by Gets                      
-> Resources reported for PL/SQL code includes the resources used by all SQL
statements called by the code.
-> Total Buffer Gets:   4,745,943,815
-> Captured SQL account for     122.2% of Total
Gets              CPU     Elapsed
Buffer Gets   Executions    per Exec   %Total Time (s)  Time (s)    SQL Id
-------------- ------------ ------------ ------ -------- --------- -------------
1,228,753,877          168  7,314,011.2   25.9  8022.46   8404.73 5t1y1nvmwp2
SELECT ADDRESSID",CURRENT$."ADDRESSTYPEID",CURRENT$URRENT$."ADDRESS3",
CURRENT$."CITY",CURRENT$."ZIP",CURRENT$."STATE",CURRENT$."PHONECOUNTRYCODE",
CURRENT$."PHONENUMBER",CURRENT$."PHONEEXTENSION",CURRENT$."FAXCOU
1,039,875,759   62,959,363         16.5   21.9  5320.27   5618.96 grr4mg7ms81
Module: DBMS_SCHEDULER
INSERT INTO "ADDRESS_RDONLY" ("ADDRESSID","ADDRESSTYPEID","CUSTOMERID","
ADDRESS1","ADDRESS2","ADDRESS3","CITY","ZIP","STATE","PHONECOUNTRYCODE","PHONENU

854,035,223          168  5,083,543.0   18.0  5713.50   7458.95 4at7cbx8hnz
SELECT "CUSTOMERID",CURRENT$."ISACTIVE",CURRENT$."FIRSTNAME",CURRENT$."LASTNAME",CU<
RRENT$."ORGANIZATION",CURRENT$."DATEREGISTERED",CURRENT$."CUSTOMERSTATUSID",CURR
ENT$."LASTMODIFIEDDATE",CURRENT$."SOURCE",CURRENT$."EMPLOYEEDEPT",CURRENT$.

Tuning can either be performed either manually or by calling the SQL Tuning Advisor on them:
Analysis:
o             -> Total Buffer Gets: 4,745,943,815
On the assumption that this is an hour long report, this is a significant number of gets and as such this confirms that it is worth investigating the top SQL statements to make sure they are taking optimal paths.
o             Individual Buffer Gets
The buffer gets for the individual statements shown are very high with the lowest being 850 Million. These 3 statements actually point towards 2 different reasons for the large number of buffers:
            Excessive Buffer Gets/Execution
SQL_IDs '5t1y1nvmwp2' and '4at7cbx8hnz' are only executed 168 times, but each execution reads over 5 Million buffers. This SQL statement is a prime candidate for tuning since the number of buffers read in each execution is so high.
            Excessive Executions
On the other hand SQL_ID 'grr4mg7ms81' only reads 16 buffers for each execution. Tuning the individual statement may not be able to reduce that significantly. However, the issue with this statement is caused by the number of times it is executed - 65 Million.
Changing the way in which the statement is called is likely to have the largest impact here - it is likely that the statement is called in a loop, once per record, if it could be called so as to process multiple records at once then there is potential for significant economies of scale.
Remember that these numbers may be 'normal' for this environment (since some are very busy).  By comparing this report against a baseline, you can see whether these SQL statements also read this much data when the database performs well. If they do then they are not the cause of the issue and can be ignored (although there may be benefit generally in improving them).
Other SQL Statistic Sections
As mentioned previously, there are a number of different report sections that help for specific causes. If you do not have the particular cause, then there is likely to be little benefit in looking at these. The following section outlines some potential causes and uses:
             Load Profile
Dependent on the waits, the load profile section either provides useful general background information or specific details related to potential issues.
Load Profile
~~~~~~~~~~~~                            Per Second       Per Transaction
---------------       ---------------
Redo size:          4,585,414.80          3,165,883.14
Logical reads:             94,185.63             65,028.07
Block changes:             40,028.57             27,636.71
Physical reads:              2,206.12              1,523.16
Physical writes:              3,939.97              2,720.25
User calls:                 50.08                 34.58
Parses:                 26.96                 18.61
Hard parses:                  1.49                  1.03
Sorts:                 18.36                 12.68
Logons:                  0.13                  0.09
Executes:              4,925.89              3,400.96
Transactions:                  1.45

% Blocks changed per Read:   42.50    Recursive Call %:    99.19
Rollback per transaction %:   59.69       Rows per Sort:  1922.64

In the example, the waits section shows potential for issues with the execution of SQL so the load profile can be checked for details in this area, although it is not the primary source of such information.
If you were looking at the AWR report for general tuning, you might pick up that the load section shows relatively high redo activity with high physical writes. There are more writes than reads on this load with 42% block changes. 
Furthermore, there is less hard parsing compared the soft parses.
If there was a mutex wait as top wait such as 'library cache: mutex X', then statistics such as the overall parse rate would be more relevant. 
Again, comparing to a baseline will provide the best information, for example, checking to see if the load has changed by comparing redo size, users calls, and parsing.
             Instance Efficiency
Again, instance efficiency stats are more use for general tuning as opposed to addressing specific issues (unless waits point at these).
Instance Efficiency Percentages (Target 100%)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Buffer Nowait %:   99.91       Redo NoWait %:  100.00
Buffer  Hit   %:   98.14    In-memory Sort %:   99.98
Library Hit   %:   99.91        Soft Parse %:   94.48
Execute to Parse %:   99.45         Latch Hit %:   99.97
Parse CPU to Parse Elapsd %:   71.23     % Non-Parse CPU:   99.00

The most important Statistic presented here from the point of view of our example is the '% Non-Parse CPU' because this indicates that almost all the CPU  time that we see in the Top Waits section is attributable to Execution and not parse, which means that tuning SQL may help to improve this.
If we were tuning, then 94.48% soft parse rate would show a small proportion of hard parsing which is desirable.  The high execute to parse % indicates good usage of cursors.  Generally, we want the statistics here close to 100%, but remember that a few percent may not be relevant dependent on the application.  For example, in a data warehouse environment, hard parsing may be higher due to usage of materialized views and, or histograms.  So again comparing to baseline report when performance was good is important.
             Latch Activity
In the example, we are not seeing significant waits for latches so this section could be ignored.
However, if latch waits were significant, then we would be looking for high latch sleeps under Latch Sleep Breakdown for latch free waits:
Latch Sleep Breakdown
* ordered by misses desc
Latch Name
----------------------------------------
Get Requests      Misses      Sleeps  Spin Gets   Sleep1   Sleep2   Sleep3
-------------- ----------- ----------- ---------- -------- -------- --------
cache buffers chains
2,881,936,948      3,070,271      41,336  3,031,456        0        0        0
row cache objects
941,375,571   1,215,395         852  1,214,606        0        0        0
object queue header operation
763,607,977     949,376      30,484    919,782        0        0        0
cache buffers lru chain
376,874,990     705,162       3,192    702,090        0        0        0
Here the top latch is cache buffers chains. Cache Buffers Chains latches protect the buffers in the buffer cache that hold data that we have retrieved from disk. This is a perfectly normal latch to see when data is being read. When this becomes stressed, the sleeps figure tends to rise as sessions start to wait to get the buffers they require. Contention can be caused by poorly tuned SQL reading the same buffers.
In our example, although the gets are high at 2.8 billion buffer gets, the sleeps at 41,336 is low.  Average number of sleeps per miss ratio (Avg Slps/Miss) is low. The reason for this is that the server is able to deal with this volume of data and so there is no significant contention on Cache Buffers Chains latches at this point.
For other latch free waits, review the following Document to identify what type of latches to investigate:
Notable timed and wait events:
             CPU time events
Just because CPU comes as top timed event in AWR may not indicate a problem.  However, if performance is slow with high CPU usage, then start investigating the wait.  First, check to see if a sql is taking most CPU under SQL ordered by CPU Time in AWR:
SQL ordered by CPU Time
-> Resources reported for PL/SQL code includes the resources used by all SQL
statements called by the code.
-> % Total is the CPU Time divided into the Total CPU Time times 100
-> Total CPU Time (s):          56,207
-> Captured SQL account for      114.6% of Total

CPU      Elapsed                  CPU per          % Total
Time (s)   Time (s)  Executions     Exec (s) % Total DB Time SQL Id
---------- ---------- ------------ ----------- ------- ------- -------------
20,349     24,884          168      121.12    36.2     9.1 7bbhgqykv3cm9
Module: DBMS_SCHEDULER
DECLARE job BINARY_INTEGER := :job; next_date TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE := :myda
te; broken BOOLEAN := FALSE; job_name VARCHAR2(30) := :job_name; job_subname
VARCHAR2(30) := :job_subname; job_owner VARCHAR2(30) := :job_owner; job_start
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE := :job_start; job_scheduled_start TIMESTAMP WITH TIME

Analysis:
o             -> Total CPU Time (s): 56,207
This represents 15 minutes of CPU time in total. Whether this is significant depends on the report duration.
o             The top CPU using SQL uses 20,349 second (around 5 minutes),
o             Total DB of time this represents is 9.1%.
o             Executions is 168 - being as this execution count is the same as 2 of the 3 SQLs identified earlier, these may be related and this task may well be the scheduling job that runs the SQLs.
Actions:
Once you have identified the SQL statements that are using the highest CPU, investigate the reason for this usage.
o             Look at the number of executions and see whether that is appropriate for this statement. Excessive executions might indicate that the statement is being called too frequently and it might be possible to execute it for a group of rows rather than row by row (i.e. execute it in a batch).
o             Is the amount of CPU per execution excessive - this might indicate that the statement itself is inefficient.
o             Additionally, look at the other SQL Statistics in the AWR report to see if the SQLID(s) in question show excessive values for any of those, then deal with the statement appropriately.
             Details ADDM Analysis Concept

Real –Time Analysis

Important which need to address from AWR report.
1) Load Profile
2) Instance Efficiency Target (100%)
3) Top 5/10 Events
4) Time Mode Statistics
The first section displayed on the report shows a summary of the snapshot window for your report as well as a brief look at the elapsed time, which represents the snapshot window, and the DB time, which represents activity on your database. If the DB time exceeds the elapsed time, it denotes a busy database. If it is a lot higher than the elapsed time, it may mean that some sessions are waiting for resources.
The instance efficiency section gives you a very quick view to determine if things are running adequately on your database. Generally, most percentages within this section should be above 90%. The Parse CPU to Parse Elapsd metric shows how much time the CPU is spending parsing SQL statements.
The third place to get a quick glance at your database performance is the Top 5 Timed Events
section. This section gives you a quick look at exactly where the highest amount of resources are being consumed within your database for the snapshot period. Based on these results, it may show you that
there is an inordinate amount of time spent performing full-table scans, or getting data across a network database link.
Below is one example which shows main point related to of awr report which are checked and recommend to application team.
IN Top Wait Event is coming enq:TX -  row lock contention its totally based on one Query which was being fired from App side.

It is also forcing us to go for the SQL Ordered part  as sql execute to elapsed time is high close to 99% of DB time was being spent on it.
Let go on the Drill Down part now based on the above observation:-



DB file parallel write wait event is totally related to I/O Problem , I will show the artifacts of the same below as well. 

Common Causes and Actions
The db file parallel write latency is normally a symptom of a slow I/O subsystem or poor I/O configurations. This includes poor layout of database files, bad mount point to I/O controller ratio, wrong stripe size and/or RAID level, and not enough disks (i.e. there are a few high capacity disks versus many lower capacity disks).
The DBA needs to look at the average I/O time.

Please find the Query which is Creating a problem in the DB as its running with FOR Update clause also its coming high on the Elapsed Time as well as on the  CPU Time.
So request you please check this Query and its logic with App Team.
Here is the Artifacts of I/O Problem  , Please check the Av RD(ms) column .
In a good I/O system it should not go above the 20 but in our case it is going much beyond that request you to take care this part asap..

Files Snapshot :-

The Table used in the above Highlighted Query i.e Network_Stocks table is the main object creating the Row Locks Waits as well.



Backup was also running during the Problematic time :-


Also when I checked the System I observed that All Application Session were going on the Node 2 only but today its looking good.


Real –Time  AWR Analysis

Operating System Statistics
Statistic Total
AVG_BUSY_TIME 127,823
AVG_IDLE_TIME 360,597
AVG_IOWAIT_TIME 50,342
AVG_SYS_TIME 77,536 <---
AVG_USER_TIME 50,133
BUSY_TIME 1,279,619
IDLE_TIME 3,607,361
IOWAIT_TIME 504,842
SYS_TIME 776,815 <-- CPU usage in sys mode is higer than user mode cpu
USER_TIME 502,804

Service Wait Class Stats

Service Name User I/O Total Wts User I/O Wt Time Concurcy Total Wts Concurcy Wt Time Admin Total Wts Admin Wt Time Network Total Wts Network Wt Time
APE 374814 2507 6258 10 0 0 7446511 10
SQL ordered by Reads
Physical Reads Executions Reads per Exec %Total CPU Time (s) Elapsed Time (s) SQL Id SQL Module SQL Text
154,993 1 154,993.00 14.84 13.46 78.82 0fzw3xs5kftff brconnect@hpx238 (TNS V1-V3) BEGIN DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_...

Buffer Pool Advisory
Only rows with estimated physical reads >0 are displayed ordered by Block Size, Buffers For Estimate
P Size for Est (M) Size Factor Buffers for Estimate Est Phys Read Factor Estimated Physical Reads
D 208 0.09 25,727 1.56 2,863,218
D 416 0.19 51,454 1.31 2,398,979
D 624 0.28 77,181 1.22 2,241,790
D 832 0.37 102,908 1.16 2,125,522
D 1,040 0.47 128,635 1.11 2,040,142
D 1,248 0.56 154,362 1.08 1,985,035
D 1,456 0.65 180,089 1.06 1,940,507
D 1,664 0.75 205,816 1.04 1,899,354
D 1,872 0.84 231,543 1.02 1,866,894
D 2,080 0.94 257,270 1.01 1,844,630
D 2,224 1.00 275,081 1.00 1,831,660 <-- current value
D 2,288 1.03 282,997 1.00 1,824,321
D 2,496 1.12 308,724 0.99 1,809,369
D 2,704 1.22 334,451 0.98 1,791,970
D 2,912 1.31 360,178 0.96 1,758,676
D 3,120 1.40 385,905 0.94 1,726,093
D 3,328 1.50 411,632 0.93 1,710,225
D 3,536 1.59 437,359 0.93 1,699,210
D 3,744 1.68 463,086 0.92 1,676,303 <--- Can be seen benefit ,if increased
D 3,952 1.78 488,813 0.91 1,669,838
D 4,160 1.87 514,540 0.91 1,663,223

Observations
================
++ log switches are occuring 12 per hour. Please resize redo logs and add redo log more groups ,in order to ensure that log switch to happen at around 30 min interval.
++ Seeing large "Buffer Busy Waits" on object DBTABLOG~0,can be rebuild with large initrans(50) and pctfree (50)
++ Seeing zero free memory with buffer cache and shared pool. Please ensure to resize this pools
to get overall performance improvements.

++ "Operating System Statistics"says that sys space cpu usage is higher compared to user space cpu usage.
Please have OS admin to check any issue with OS functionality.In ideal practice user space cpu usage should be greater than or equal to sys space cpu usage

++ From "Service Wait Class Stats" ,the APE Service is showing large network waits.
Please check if there is any network latencies .
++ Seeing dbms_stats gathering activity was in use by brconnect@hpx238 module.Please gather statistics
gathering activity during non-peak hours.


ASH Report

ASH Report(Oracle Active Session History)- it need to generate when performance analysis on sessions that run too frequently or are too short to be available on AWR
snapshots. it can show more real-time or near real-time session information to assist in doing performance analysis on your database. The ASH default sample is 1 second, but later is stored in 10 second intervals on disk.
 it is useful to collect ASH reports in a situations where you need to narrow down which selects are responsible for a particular wait you want to know when a particular wait occurred within the snapshot period to tie up with performance spikes or intermittent hang
 Using ASH, Yoy will get following

·        Top SQL
·        Top Sessions
·        Top Waits
·        Blocking Sessions
·        Top Objects
·        Waits by time during sample intervals 

SQL>script for getting ASH Report on RAC database:
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/ashrpti.sql
SQL script for getting ASH Report for single Instance:
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql

ADDM Report
The Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) analyzes data in the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) to identify potential performance bottlenecks. For each of the identified issues it locates the root cause and provides recommendations for correcting the problem. An ADDM analysis task is performed and its findings and recommendations stored in the database every time an AWR snapshot is taken provided the STATISTICS_LEVEL parameter is set to TYPICAL or ALL. The ADDM analysis includes the following.
·     CPU load
·     Memory usage
·     I/O usage
·     Resource intensive SQL
·     Resource intensive PL/SQL and Java
·     RAC issues
·     Application issues
·     Database configuration issues
·     Concurrency issues
·     Object contention

addmrpt.sql Script

The addmrpt.sql script can be used to create an ADDM report from SQL*Plus. The script is called as follows.
-- UNIX
@/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/addmrpt.sql

-- Windows
@d:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1\rdbms\admin\addmrpt.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/addmrpt.sql

Below is one test case for addm:-

I found row lock wait was too high so down the line found problematic query as well and shared that query with application team to check from their and it was rectified by them.

addmrpt_1_22542_22543.txt
ADDM Report for Task 'TASK_33939'
---------------------------------

Analysis Period
---------------
AWR snapshot range from 22542 to 22543.
Time period starts at 06-JUN-16 04.00.06 PM
Time period ends at 06-JUN-16 05.00.12 PM

Analysis Target
---------------
Database 'DBNAME' with DB ID 577252600.
Database version 11.2.0.3.0.
ADDM performed an analysis of instance PACSMG, numbered 1 and hosted at
XXXXXXXX.

Activity During the Analysis Period
-----------------------------------
Total database time was 36014 seconds.
The average number of active sessions was 9.99.

Summary of Findings
-------------------
Description                               Active Sessions      Recommendation
s
Percent of Activity
----------------------------------------  -------------------  --------------
-
1  Top SQL Statements                        6.59 | 66.02         6
2  Row Lock Waits                            4.17 | 41.7          1
3  Undersized SGA                            .64 | 6.4            1
4  Top Segments by "User I/O" and "Cluster"  .19 | 1.91           1


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Findings and Recommendations
----------------------------

Finding 1: Top SQL Statements
Impact is 6.59 active sessions, 66.02% of total activity.
---------------------------------------------------------
SQL statements consuming significant database time were found. These
statements offer a good opportunity for performance improvement.

Recommendation 1: SQL Tuning
Estimated benefit is 4.46 active sessions, 44.68% of total activity.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Investigate the SELECT statement with SQL_ID "8wfzx3nyvma8m" for
possible performance improvements. You can supplement the information
given here with an ASH report for this SQL_ID.
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID 8wfzx3nyvma8m.
SELECT TRIM(MDL_PARAMETER_VALUE) FROM FDS_M_MODULE_PARAM WHERE
MOD_1_MOD_ID ='PROVS' AND MDL_PARAMETER_ID =:B1 FOR UPDATE OF
FDS_M_MODULE_PARAM.MDL_PARAMETER_VALUE
Rationale
The SQL spent only 0% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster
waits. Therefore, the SQL Tuning Advisor is not applicable in this case.
Look at performance data for the SQL to find potential improvements.
Rationale
Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
execution.
Rationale
SQL statement with SQL_ID "8wfzx3nyvma8m" was executed 412 times and had
an average elapsed time of 36 seconds.
Rationale
Waiting for event "enq: TX - row lock contention" in wait class
"Application" accounted for 100% of the database time spent in
processing the SQL statement with SQL_ID "8wfzx3nyvma8m".

Recommendation 2: SQL Tuning
Estimated benefit is .54 active sessions, 5.41% of total activity.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the UPSERT statement with SQL_ID
"672j4rmvvnmru".
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID 672j4rmvvnmru.
MERGE INTO SIMSWAP_REPROCESS X USING ( SELECT SYSDATE CREATION_DATE,
B.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID, A.SER_MSISDN, A.SER_IMSI_NO,
A.SER_SERVICE_VALUE, B.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME, A.SER_ERROR, 'PENDING'
STATUS, NULL HLR_IMSI, NULL REPROCESS_DATE, D.SIM_SIM_NO NEW_SIM_NO
FROM INCMS.CIN_M_SIM D, INCMS.CIN_T_SERVICE_ORDER_DETAIL A,
INCMS.CIN_T_SERVICE_ORDER B, ( SELECT SER_MSISDN,
MAX(SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME) SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME FROM
INCMS.CIN_T_SERVICE_ORDER_DETAIL WHERE SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME >
SYSDATE-3 AND SER_SERVICE_ID IN ('SIMCH','SMCHE') GROUP BY SER_MSISDN
) C WHERE B.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID = A.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID AND
D.SIM_IMSI_NO = SUBSTR(A.SER_SERVICE_VALUE,1,15) AND B.SER_OPERATION
= 'MODS' AND B.SER_PROVISIONING_TYPE <>'BULK' AND
A.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME > SYSDATE-3 AND A.SER_SERVICE_ID IN
('SIMCH','SMCHE') AND A.SER_MSISDN = C.SER_MSISDN AND
A.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME = C.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME AND A.SER_STATUS =
'FAIL' AND (A.SER_ERROR LIKE 'Unknown Error:RESP:18310%' OR
A.SER_ERROR = 'Ext. system communication link failure.Please contact
switch people.' OR A.SER_ERROR = 'Unknown Error:RESP:18304 recieved
from EMA.Please Contact switch people' OR A.SER_ERROR LIKE '%fail
Fail File of Zero Size' OR A.SER_ERROR LIKE 'Unknown
Error:RESP:18398%' ) ) Y ON (X.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID =
Y.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID) WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT(X.CREATION_DATE,
X.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID, X.SER_MSISDN, X.SER_IMSI_NO,
X.SER_SERVICE_VALUE, X.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME, X.SER_ERROR, X.STATUS)
VALUES(SYSDATE, Y.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID, Y.SER_MSISDN, Y.SER_IMSI_NO,
Y.SER_SERVICE_VALUE, Y.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME, Y.SER_ERROR, 'PENDING')
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET X.CREATION_DATE = SYSDATE, X.STATUS =
'PENDING'
Rationale
The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
Rationale
Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
execution.
Rationale
SQL statement with SQL_ID "672j4rmvvnmru" was executed 109 times and had
an average elapsed time of 17 seconds.
Rationale
Top level calls to execute the PL/SQL statement with SQL_ID
"g2j4rw7vpbcbm" are responsible for 100% of the database time spent on
the UPSERT statement with SQL_ID "672j4rmvvnmru".
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID g2j4rw7vpbcbm.
BEGIN provisioning.simswap_reprocess; END;

Recommendation 3: SQL Tuning
Estimated benefit is .53 active sessions, 5.26% of total activity.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
"52us6knb8uw7a".
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID 52us6knb8uw7a.
SELECT TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIME",:"SYS_B_00"),TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIM
E",:"SYS_B_01"),TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIME",:"SYS_B_02"),"A1"."APN_NI",
CASE "A1"."SGSN_ADDRESS" WHEN :"SYS_B_03" THEN :"SYS_B_04" ELSE CASE
WHEN ("A1"."ORIGINAL_CALL_TYPE"=:"SYS_B_05" AND "A1"."SGSN_ADDRESS"
IS NULL) THEN :"SYS_B_06" ELSE :"SYS_B_07" END  END
,COUNT(*),SUM(NVL("A1"."DATA_UP",:"SYS_B_08")),SUM(NVL("A1"."DATA_DOW
N",:"SYS_B_09")),SUM(NVL("A1"."DATA_UP",:"SYS_B_10"))+SUM(NVL("A1"."D
ATA_DOWN",:"SYS_B_11")),SUM(NVL("A1"."DATA_UP",:"SYS_B_12"))/:"SYS_B_
13"+SUM(NVL("A1"."DATA_DOWN",:"SYS_B_14"))/:"SYS_B_15",:"SYS_B_16",CA
SE "A1"."SGSN_ADDRESS" WHEN :"SYS_B_17" THEN :"SYS_B_18" ELSE CASE
WHEN ("A1"."ORIGINAL_CALL_TYPE"=:"SYS_B_19" AND "A1"."SGSN_ADDRESS"
IS NULL) THEN :"SYS_B_20" ELSE :"SYS_B_21" END  END  FROM
"INCMS"."HBST_RAT_UNBILD_CALL""A1" WHERE
"A1"."SERVICE_ID"=:"SYS_B_22" AND
TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIME",:"SYS_B_23"))=:"SYS_B_24" GROUP
BY TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIME",:"SYS_B_25"),TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIME",:
"SYS_B_26"),TO_CHAR("A1"."START_TIME",:"SYS_B_27"),"A1"."APN_NI","A1"
."SGSN_ADDRESS","A1"."ORIGINAL_CALL_TYPE"
Rationale
The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
Rationale
Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
execution.
Rationale
SQL statement with SQL_ID "52us6knb8uw7a" was executed 4 times and had
an average elapsed time of 446 seconds.

Recommendation 4: SQL Tuning
Estimated benefit is .41 active sessions, 4.1% of total activity.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
"cxwc6bnrmapfh".
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID cxwc6bnrmapfh.
select b.ser_service_order_id||:"SYS_B_0"||a.ser_msisdn||:"SYS_B_1"||
a.ser_service_value||:"SYS_B_2"||a.ser_error
from incms.CIN_T_SERVICE_ORDER_DETAIL a, incms.CIN_T_SERVICE_ORDER b,
incms.cms_m_customer c
where b.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID = a.SER_SERVICE_ORDER_ID
and a.ser_msisdn = c.cus_tel_no
and b.ser_provisioning_type = :"SYS_B_3"
and b.ser_operation in (:"SYS_B_4")
and a.SER_RECIEVED_DT_TIME > sysdate-:"SYS_B_5"
and a.SER_SERVICE_ID in (:"SYS_B_6",:"SYS_B_7")
and a.ser_status = :"SYS_B_8"
order by b.ser_service_order_id
Rationale
The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
Rationale
Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
execution.
Rationale
SQL statement with SQL_ID "cxwc6bnrmapfh" was executed 81 times and had
an average elapsed time of 17 seconds.

Recommendation 5: SQL Tuning
Estimated benefit is .41 active sessions, 4.07% of total activity.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
"an6y0xhff8hsc".
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID an6y0xhff8hsc.
select account_no,invoice_date,os,invoice_Date+:"SYS_B_0",floor(sysda
te-(invoice_date+:"SYS_B_1")),unadjusted_amount,add_months(invoice_da
te,-:"SYS_B_2") from hbst_dunning_os
Rationale
The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
Rationale
Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
execution.
Rationale
SQL statement with SQL_ID "an6y0xhff8hsc" was executed 54 times and had
an average elapsed time of 25 seconds.
Rationale
At least 2 distinct execution plans were utilized for this SQL statement
during the analysis period.

Recommendation 6: SQL Tuning
Estimated benefit is .25 active sessions, 2.5% of total activity.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
"5rs41gbgw5x10".
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID 5rs41gbgw5x10.
SELECT ceq_msg_id, ceq_email_id, ceq_subject, ceq_msg_body,
CSQ_ATTACHMENT FROM cin_t_email_queue WHERE ceq_status = :"SYS_B_0"
and rownum< (select mdl_parameter_value from fds_m_module_param where
mod_1_mod_id=:"SYS_B_1"  and mdl_parameter_id=:"SYS_B_2")
Rationale
The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
Rationale
Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
execution.
Rationale
SQL statement with SQL_ID "5rs41gbgw5x10" was executed 266 times and had
an average elapsed time of 3 seconds.
Rationale
Full scan of TABLE "INCMS.CIN_T_EMAIL_QUEUE" with object ID 83944
consumed 97% of the database time spent on this SQL statement.


Finding 2: Row Lock Waits
Impact is 4.17 active sessions, 41.7% of total activity.
--------------------------------------------------------
SQL statements were found waiting for row lock waits.

Recommendation 1: Application Analysis
Estimated benefit is 4.16 active sessions, 41.68% of total activity.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Significant row contention was detected in the TABLE
"INCMS.FDS_M_MODULE_PARAM" with object ID 84070. Trace the cause of row
contention in the application logic using the given blocked SQL.
Related Object
Database object with ID 84070.
Rationale
The SQL statement with SQL_ID "8wfzx3nyvma8m" was blocked on row locks.
Related Object
SQL statement with SQL_ID 8wfzx3nyvma8m.
SELECT TRIM(MDL_PARAMETER_VALUE) FROM FDS_M_MODULE_PARAM WHERE
MOD_1_MOD_ID ='PROVS' AND MDL_PARAMETER_ID =:B1 FOR UPDATE OF
FDS_M_MODULE_PARAM.MDL_PARAMETER_VALUE
Rationale
The session with ID 881 and serial number 40733 in instance number 1 was
the blocking session responsible for 57% of this recommendation's
benefit.
Rationale
The session with ID 94 and serial number 57631 in instance number 1 was
the blocking session responsible for 42% of this recommendation's
benefit.

Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
---------------------------------
Wait class "Application" was consuming significant database time.
Impact is 4.25 active sessions, 42.58% of total activity.


Finding 3: Undersized SGA
Impact is .64 active sessions, 6.4% of total activity.
------------------------------------------------------
The SGA was inadequately sized, causing additional I/O or hard parses.
The value of parameter "sga_target" was "12288 M" during the analysis period.

Recommendation 1: Database Configuration
Estimated benefit is .32 active sessions, 3.22% of total activity.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Increase the size of the SGA by setting the parameter "sga_target" to
13824 M.

Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
---------------------------------
Wait class "User I/O" was consuming significant database time.
Impact is 1.26 active sessions, 12.6% of total activity.


Finding 4: Top Segments by "User I/O" and "Cluster"
Impact is .19 active sessions, 1.91% of total activity.
-------------------------------------------------------
Individual database segments responsible for significant "User I/O" and
"Cluster" waits were found.

Recommendation 1: Segment Tuning
Estimated benefit is .19 active sessions, 1.91% of total activity.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Action
Run "Segment Advisor" on TABLE "INCMS.CIN_T_EMAIL_QUEUE" with object ID
83944.
Related Object
Database object with ID 83944.
Action
Investigate application logic involving I/O on TABLE
"INCMS.CIN_T_EMAIL_QUEUE" with object ID 83944.
Related Object
Database object with ID 83944.
Action
Look at the "Top SQL Statements" finding for SQL statements consuming
significant I/O on this segment. For example, the SELECT statement with
SQL_ID "5rs41gbgw5x10" is responsible for 100% of "User I/O" and
"Cluster" waits for this segment.
Rationale
The I/O usage statistics for the object are: 0 full object scans,
18116994 physical reads, 0 physical writes and 18116994 direct reads.

Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
---------------------------------
Wait class "User I/O" was consuming significant database time.
Impact is 1.26 active sessions, 12.6% of total activity.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Additional Information
----------------------

Miscellaneous Information
-------------------------
Wait class "Commit" was not consuming significant database time.
Wait class "Concurrency" was not consuming significant database time.
Wait class "Configuration" was not consuming significant database time.
CPU was not a bottleneck for the instance.
Wait class "Network" was not consuming significant database time.
Session connect and disconnect calls were not consuming significant database
time.
Hard parsing of SQL statements was not consuming significant database time.
Use of ADDM Reports alongside AWR
ADDM reports can be reviewed along with AWR to assist in diagnosis since they provide specific recommendations which can help point at potential problems. The following is a sample ADDM report taken from:
Document 250655.1How to use the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor:

Example Output:
DETAILED ADDM REPORT FOR TASK 'SCOTT_ADDM' WITH ID 5
----------------------------------------------------

Analysis Period: 17-NOV-2003 from 09:50:21 to 10:35:47
Database ID/Instance: 494687018/1
Snapshot Range: from 1 to 3
Database Time: 4215 seconds
Average Database Load: 1.5 active sessions

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


FINDING 1: 65% impact (2734 seconds)
------------------------------------
PL/SQL execution consumed significant database time.

RECOMMENDATION 1: SQL Tuning, 65% benefit (2734 seconds)
ACTION: Tune the PL/SQL block with SQL_ID fjxa1vp3yhtmr. Refer to
the "Tuning PL/SQL Applications" chapter of Oracle's "PL/SQL
User's Guide and Reference"
RELEVANT OBJECT: SQL statement with SQL_ID fjxa1vp3yhtmr
BEGIN EMD_NOTIFICATION.QUEUE_READY(:1, :2, :3); END;

FINDING 2: 35% impact (1456 seconds)
------------------------------------
SQL statements consuming significant database time were found.

RECOMMENDATION 1: SQL Tuning, 35% benefit (1456 seconds)
ACTION: Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SQL statement with SQL_ID
gt9ahqgd5fmm2.
RELEVANT OBJECT: SQL statement with SQL_ID gt9ahqgd5fmm2 and
PLAN_HASH 547793521
UPDATE bigemp SET empno = ROWNUM

FINDING 3: 20% impact (836 seconds)
-----------------------------------
The throughput of the I/O subsystem was significantly lower than expected.

RECOMMENDATION 1: Host Configuration, 20% benefit (836 seconds)
ACTION: Consider increasing the throughput of the I/O subsystem.
Oracle's recommended solution is to stripe all data file using
the SAME methodology. You might also need to increase the
number of disks for better performance.

RECOMMENDATION 2: Host Configuration, 14% benefit (584 seconds)
ACTION: The performance of file
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\V1010\UNDOTBS01.DBF was significantly worse
than other files. If striping all files using the SAME
methodology is not possible, consider striping this file over
multiple disks.
RELEVANT OBJECT: database file
"D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\V1010\UNDOTBS01.DBF"

SYMPTOMS THAT LED TO THE FINDING:
Wait class "User I/O" was consuming significant database time.
(34% impact [1450 seconds])

FINDING 4: 11% impact (447 seconds)
-----------------------------------
Undo I/O was a significant portion (33%) of the total database I/O.

NO RECOMMENDATIONS AVAILABLE

SYMPTOMS THAT LED TO THE FINDING:
The throughput of the I/O subsystem was significantly lower than
expected. (20% impact [836 seconds])
Wait class "User I/O" was consuming significant database time.
(34% impact [1450 seconds])

FINDING 5: 9.9% impact (416 seconds)
------------------------------------
Buffer cache writes due to small log files were consuming significant
database time.

RECOMMENDATION 1: DB Configuration, 9.9% benefit (416 seconds)
ACTION: Increase the size of the log files to 796 M to hold at
least 20 minutes of redo information.

ADDM report gives possible recommendations in more readable format than AWR.  However, ADDM should be interpreted along with AWR statistics for accurate diagnostics.


No comments:

Post a Comment